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Charles W. (Charlie) Bachman
(Dec. 11, 1924 - )

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| 1943-1946
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US Army Anti-Aircraft
Artillery Corp first exposed to and used fire control computers for aiming
our 90 mm guns. Spent March 1944 through February 1946 in New Guinea, Australia
and the Philippine Islands.
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| 1946-1950 |
Attended Michigan
State College and graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in Mechanical
Engineering (Tau Beta Phi). Graduated in 1950 with a master's degree in
Mechanical Engineering from University of Pennsylvania. Attended Wharton
School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania at the same time and
completed three quarters of the requirements for an MBA.
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| 1950-1960
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Worked for the Dow
Chemical Company in Midland Michigan. Started in Engineering Department
working on engineering economics problems (operation research). In 1962
transferred to the Finance Department to establish a decision support project
to assist in the evaluation of the return on capital of new and old production
plants and product profitability. In 1955 transferred to the Plastics Product
Division as a process engineer and later as an assistant plant manager.
In 1957 started the first computer
department for business data processing for Dow.
As chairman of the SHARE Data
Processing Committee, that launched the SHARE 9PAC project for the IBM
709 computer in 1958. The tape-oriented File Maintenance and Report Generation
system created was an early version of what is now called a 4GL with a
"WYSIWYG" user interface. At the same time, Bachman pioneered
the introduction of probability into the CPM/PERT scheduling that was
used for Dow new plant construction.
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| 1961-1970 |
Worked for the General
Electric Company. First assignment (1961-64) for GE's Manufacturing Services
(New York City) was to design and build a generic manufacturing information
and control system. The MIACS application system that came from this project
contained many elements, which underlay most, current day, manufacturing
control systems. It did manufacturing planning, parts explosion, factory
dispatching, handled factory feedback and replanning as required to handle
new orders and correct for changing factory circumstances.
The MIACS system contained
the first version of the Integrated Data Store (IDS) database management
system which was the basis for General Electrics IDS and IDS II, Cullinet's
IDMS and a host of other DBMS based on Bachman's Network Data Model. IDS
was the first disk-based database management system used in production.
It seized a number of new opportunities available at that time and created
a unique product. It was built upon a "virtual memory" system
that was being applied to the storage and retrieval of dynamic and permanent
data. It provided a page-turning buffer management system that provided
almost instantaneous access to the data most recently accessed. It provided
for the declaration and processing data organized in application specific
network structures. It fully integrated its, record-at-a-time, STORE,
RETRIEVE, MODIFY and DELETE language statements into the GE GECOM programming
language. IDS created a new paradigm for the application programmers.
It changed their I/O vantage point from data fowing "IN and OUT of
the program" to the program moving "IN and OUT of the database."
Once a record was stored, it remained available in the database, forever,
unless it was explicitly deleted. IDS was characterized as a "network
model" database management system, because it provided for the direct
construction and navigation of the semantic graphs that underlie most
business applications systems.
The MIACS system also contained
a transaction-oriented operating system that accepted the input of new
"problem control cards," with their associated data cards, and
stored them until they could be dispatched. It dispatched each such problem
in priority sequence, following the completion of the prior problem. It
loaded the required program blocks into the buffer area, allocated all
unneeded buffer blocks to the IDS page-turning system, and then dispatched
the computer to the program. The solving of one problem might engender
the creation of one or more new problem statements with their associated
data records. The storage and retrieval of problem statements and their
associated data was handled by the IDS database management system, along
with all of the application requirements.
Bachman developed data structure
diagrams (ER diagrams), commonly known as Bachman diagrams, as a graphical
representation of semantic structures within the data.
In 1964, Bachman transferred
to GE's Computer Department in Phoenix, Arizona with assignment to convert
the GE 225 version of IDS to a commercial product for GE's 400 and 600
computer lines. At the same time, Bachman worked with the ANSI SPARC Study
Group on DBMS, in creating their report of Network Databases. This task
group was responsible for creating the specification for the integration
of IDS into the COBOL programming language. This report formed the basis
for GE's IDS II and many other DBMS based on the specification.
Later Bachman started the GE-Weyerhaeuser
project team that created first "non stop" operating system
(WEYCOS) for the GE 600 computer. This team also created the first multiprogramming
version of IDS, which allowed many programs to access to a common database
with transparent locking, deadlock (interference) detection, recovery
and restart.
Bachman developed a database-oriented
version (dataBASIC) of the BASIC programming language. Its integrated
database facility was based on the "universal relation" concept
(before the concept was formerly described). The product was shipped for
both the GE 400 and 600 product lines. The City of Tulsa, OK, used dataBASIC
to construct their public safety and police system.
Later, Bachman managed the
software section for GE's Advanced Computer Division.
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| 1971-1980
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Honeywell Information Systems,
Inc. acquired the General Electric's Computer Division. Bachman's first
assignment was to manage a group to specify and implement a version of
IDS for Honeywell's advanced product line, to be built by the newly merged
company.
1973 Transferred to Honeywell's
Advanced System Project as Chief Staff Engineer.
Given the Association of Computer
Machinery's Alan M. Turing Award in 1973 for pioneering work in database
management systems. The Turing Award is the software industry's equivalent
of the Nobel Prize. The 1973 Turing Lecture by Bachman was entitled "The
Programmer as Navigator."
Published the "extended
network" data model.
Served as Vice Chairman with
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) SPARC's Study Group on
DBMS, to explore the possible standardization database management languages.
Group report spelled out the first architectural statement about the various
interfaces and protocols required to support the data independence concept
and established what is now broadly known as the "three schema approach."
Elected a "Distinguished
Fellow" of the British Computer Society in 1978 for database research.
Only 22 people have been so honored todate.
Published the "role"
data model.
Began work in 1976 as leader
of Honeywell's Distributed System Architecture project. This work served
as the prototype of the later ANSI SPARC Study Group - Distributed System
Architecture and the International Standard Organization's (ISO) Open
System Interconnection project. Became chairman of the ANSI Study Group
in 1978 and chairman of the ISO Open Systems Interconnection subcommittee
in 1979.
In 1980 began working on concepts
more recently called Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE).
Awarded 16 U.S. patents while
at Honeywell for database inventions and 1 British patent for pioneering
work on model driven development (executable functional specifications).
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| 1981-1982 |
Cullinane (Cullinet) Database
Systems. Joined Cullinet as Vice President of Product Management, while
retaining responsibility as Chairman for the ISO Open Systems Interconnection
subcommittee. He also continued work on prototype CASE systems. Cullinet's
IDMS system is a direct copy of Bachman's original IDS DBMS. During the
two years with Cullinet, the Role Data model, which had been developed
at Honeywell, was enhanced to facilitate its integration with the existing
Cullinet IDMS software. The result was the "Partnership" Data
Model which was published in 1983 and which was awarded a software patent
in the U.S.
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| 1983-1996 |
Bachman Information Systems,
Inc. was created on April 1, 1983 to productize the CASE concepts, which
had been developed while at Honeywell and Cullinet. Key concepts use included
the establishment of a clear separation between the specification of the
business level (logical) rules characterized as the business model and
the specification of the physical level rules characterized by existing
database languages, communication languages and programming languages.
This distinction between logical
and physical levels became very important as the implementation rules
from existing COBOL, PL/I, IDMS, IMS and Relational DBMS could be "reverse
engineered" into an enhanced data model based on the Partnership
Data Model, extended with some object oriented concepts.
Bachman Information Systems
received it first round of venture capital funding in 1986, and after
several additional rounds went public in 1990. Bachman Information Systems
did business on a worldwide basis and was highly respected for its products
supporting data modeling and database administrator professionals.
In this period, a number of
patents were awarded to Bachman Information Systems dealing with aspects
of the CASE products. Mr. Bachman was a co-inventor on six of these.
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| 1996-1997 |
Bachman Information Systems,
Inc. of Boston, MA and Cadre Technology, Inc. of Providence, RI merged
to form a new company, named Cayenne Software, Inc. Bachman and Cadre
developed and marketed similar products, i.e. CAD/CAM products to help
the software professionals in carrying out their tasks. The largest difference
in the two former companies is that Bachman marketed its products to the
commercial market and Cadre marketed theirs to the engineering/scientific
market.
In June 1996, Charlie was given
a Life Achievement Award by the Massachusetts Software Council. In August,
1996, he and his wife, Connie, moved to Tucson, Arizona.
In the fall of 1997, Charlie
was showcased as one of the "wizards" in the Association of
Computer Machinery and The Computer Museums exhibition, "The Wizards
and Their Wonders." This was a photographic exhibit and its contents
were published in a book of the same name. That same fall, Mr. Bachman
retired as an employee and the Chairman of the Board of Cayenne Software
(formerly Bachman Information Systems) after fourteen years service.
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| 1998-2001
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Mr. Bachman lives with his
wife of 52 years, Connie Hadley, and continues his consulting work. He
has worked on meta modeling and software engineering projects with Constellar
Corp. and The Webvan Group.
He is currently working on
the story of the development of IDS.
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